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China aumenta un 15% su presupuesto militar con el fin de modernizar el Ejército

China prosigue su esfuerzo para modernizar el Ejército e incrementar el poderío militar. Pekín ha aumentado un 14,9% el presupuesto de Defensa para 2009 respecto al de 2008, hasta alcanzar 480.686 millones de yuanes (55.950 millones de euros), según anunció ayer Li Zhaoxing, portavoz de la Asamblea Popular Nacional (APN), cuya sesión anual comienza hoy en la capital china. El Gobierno, como es habitual, no proporcionó la cifra del gasto real del pasado ejercicio.

El presupuesto ha crecido una media del 16,2% anual entre 1999 y 2008, según el último libro blanco de Defensa, publicado en enero por Pekín. Sin embargo, EE UU y expertos extranjeros creen que el gasto militar es hasta tres veces superior al anunciado oficialmente. Además, aseguran que es difícil saber qué está incluido realmente en las cifras dadas.

Li afirmó que el dinero será destinado, principalmente, a la mejora de las condiciones económicas de la tropa (unos 2,3 millones de soldados), equipamiento e instalaciones que permitan al país defenderse en la era de la tecnología de la información. "El aumento del gasto para este año es modesto", señaló.

Washington, Tokio y otras capitales han manifestado su preocupación desde hace tiempo por el reforzamiento de la estructura militar china y lo que consideran la falta de transparencia de Pekín. Li, que fue ministro de Exteriores entre 2003 y 2007, replicó que las sospechas están fuera de lugar. "No hay tal cosa como gasto militar secreto en China", dijo, e insistió en que el presupuesto representa tan sólo el 1,4% del producto interior bruto (PIB), frente al 4% en Estados Unidos y el 2% en Francia o Reino Unido.

Li Zhaoxing insistió en que "el limitado poder militar de China será utilizado únicamente para salvaguardar la soberanía y la integridad territorial". Una declaración que lleva implícita la prioridad absoluta que conceden los dirigentes al mantenimiento de la presión sobre Taiwán para evitar que pueda declarar la independencia. Pekín considera la isla parte irrenunciable de su territorio, aunque ha sido gobernada como país soberano de facto desde que los nacionalistas de Chiang Kai-shek perdieron la guerra civil contra los comunistas de Mao Zedong, en 1949.

David Sedney, viceasistente de la Secretaría de Defensa estadounidense para Asia oriental, sugirió el sábado pasado que China está adquiriendo una capacidad militar superior a lo que corresponde a sus objetivos estratégicos declarados.

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